Nanostim is developing a self-contained leadless cardiac pacemaker system to eliminate the leads and surgical pocket required by conventional pacemakers, thereby removing the associated complications of infection and mechanical lead failure. The Nanostim approach changes pacemaker therapy delivery from a surgical procedure to a less-invasive, simplified catheter-based procedure. This technique will improve patient comfort by giving the physician a less invasive option, permitting implantation as an outpatient, eliminating the visible lump and scar at a conventional pacemaker’s pectoral implant site and removing the need for activity restrictions to prevent dislodgement after implantation of a conventional lead. Nanostim was acquired by St. Jude Medical in 2013.